TGF-β1
Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1)
A pleiotropic cytokine with complex roles in wound healing, fibrosis, immune regulation, and cancer. Context-dependent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects.
Mechanism of Action
TGF-β1 binds to TGF-β receptors, activating Smad pathways. It promotes wound healing and immune tolerance but also drives fibrosis and tumor immune evasion.
Health Claims & Evidence
Promotes wound healing
Immune tolerance and anti-inflammatory effects
Complex fibrotic effects
Short-Term Effects
Wound healing promotion, immune suppression.
Long-Term Effects
Research use primarily. Fibrosis risk with chronic exposure.
Side Effects
Fibrosis, immune suppression, potential tumor promotion.
Contraindications
Not for self-administration due to complex effects.
This profile is provided for educational research only. It is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Verify primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
Research Papers
TGF-beta and wound healing
Roberts et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1986
Educational research only. This profile is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
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