FGF-21
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21)
A metabolic hormone produced by the liver that improves insulin sensitivity, promotes fat oxidation, and has anti-aging properties. Considered a potential treatment for metabolic syndrome.
Mechanism of Action
FGF-21 binds to FGFR1/KLB receptor complexes in adipose tissue, liver, and brain. It activates AMPK and PPAR-gamma pathways, improving insulin sensitivity, promoting fat oxidation, and reducing lipogenesis.
Health Claims & Evidence
Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism
Promotes fat oxidation and weight loss
Anti-aging and longevity effects
Short-Term Effects
Improved metabolic markers, reduced triglycerides.
Long-Term Effects
Potential for sustained metabolic improvements and longevity benefits.
Side Effects
Bone loss at high doses (animal studies), injection site reactions.
Contraindications
Monitor bone density with long-term use.
This profile is provided for educational research only. It is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Verify primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
Research Papers
FGF21 regulates energy metabolism
Kharitonenkov et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2005
Educational research only. This profile is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
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