GDF-11
Growth Differentiation Factor 11
A TGF-beta family member that gained attention from parabiosis studies suggesting it could reverse cardiac aging. Research results have been mixed and controversial.
Mechanism of Action
GDF-11 modulates stem cell activity, cardiac hypertrophy, and neurogenesis. Early studies suggested it reversed age-related cardiac hypertrophy; subsequent research has produced conflicting results.
Health Claims & Evidence
May reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy
Promotes neurogenesis
Anti-aging effects via stem cell modulation
Short-Term Effects
Unknown in humans. Animal studies show variable results.
Long-Term Effects
Unknown. Research is ongoing.
Side Effects
Very limited human data. Theoretical risks from TGF-beta pathway modulation.
Contraindications
Very limited human safety data. Not recommended without medical supervision.
This profile is provided for educational research only. It is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Verify primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
Research Papers
GDF11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy
Loffredo et al. · Cell · 2013
Educational research only. This profile is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
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