EPO
Erythropoietin (EPO)
A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. FDA-approved for anemia treatment and infamously used as a performance-enhancing drug in endurance sports.
Mechanism of Action
EPO binds to EPOR receptors on erythroid progenitor cells, stimulating red blood cell production. Increased RBC count improves oxygen-carrying capacity and endurance performance.
Health Claims & Evidence
Stimulates red blood cell production
Improves endurance performance
Neuroprotective effects
Short-Term Effects
Increased RBC count and hematocrit within weeks.
Long-Term Effects
Sustained anemia correction with continued use.
Side Effects
Hypertension, thrombosis, stroke, pure red cell aplasia (rare). Significant cardiovascular risk at supraphysiological doses.
Contraindications
Uncontrolled hypertension. Avoid supraphysiological doses due to thrombosis risk.
This profile is provided for educational research only. It is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Verify primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
Research Papers
Erythropoietin and red blood cell production
Jacobs et al. · Nature · 1985
Educational research only. This profile is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
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