C-Peptide
C-Peptide (Connecting Peptide)
A byproduct of insulin synthesis with its own biological activity. Deficient in type 1 diabetes and has neuroprotective, nephroprotective, and microvascular protective effects.
Mechanism of Action
C-peptide binds to a G-protein coupled receptor, activating Na+/K+-ATPase and eNOS. It improves microvascular blood flow, reduces inflammation, and has neuroprotective effects in diabetic neuropathy.
Health Claims & Evidence
Neuroprotective in diabetic neuropathy
Nephroprotective in diabetic kidney disease
Improves microvascular function
Short-Term Effects
Improved nerve conduction, reduced neuropathy symptoms.
Long-Term Effects
Potential for sustained neuroprotection and kidney protection in diabetes.
Side Effects
Generally well-tolerated. Mild injection site reactions.
Contraindications
Limited data outside diabetes. Use with medical supervision.
This profile is provided for educational research only. It is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Verify primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
Research Papers
C-peptide and diabetic neuropathy
Johansson et al. · Diabetes · 2000
Educational research only. This profile is not a treatment recommendation or dosing guide. Human evidence, safety information and regulatory status vary by substance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for medical decisions.
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